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Table of Contents | |
HEMOCHROMATOSIS
- Hemochromatosis is the excessive buildup of iron in the body,
especially noted in the liver. It appears to me that hemochromatosis is the
result of a copper deficiency.
-
- While there appears to be a hereditary form of the disease, there may
also be a dietary form. While many people think that there is some genetic
damage which causes the hereditary form, I think that it is most likely a
genetic adaptation which enables the offspring of persons eating a high
copper diet to increase copper excretion to maintain normal levels. When
these offspring then have a diet low in copper, they develop a copper
deficiency and this can lead to hemochromatosis for those eating a high iron
diet (high red meat or fruit diet).
It is my belief that persons with high iron from hemochromatosis should
supplement with copper and reduce their high iron intake to get these two
minerals balanced. Increased zinc might also be appropriate in individuals
with adequate copper, since zinc will reduce iron levels also.
The following study indicates that excessive vitamin C intake may be a
contributing factor in hemochromatosis. Vitamin C increases iron absorption
while at the same time it seems to have an effect in decreasing copper. This
copper decreasing effect could be the direct result of increasing iron
absorption or it could be an independent effect.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1999 Mar;69(2):67-82 |
High-dose vitamin C: a risk for persons with high iron
stores?
Gerster H.
Vitamin Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
The contribution of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to the prevention of iron
deficiency anemia by promoting the absorption of dietary non-heme
iron-especially in persons with low iron stores--is well established. But
the question has been raised whether high-dose intakes of vitamin C might
unduly enhance the absorption of dietary iron in persons with high iron
stores or in patients with iron overload, possibly increasing the potential
risk of iron toxicity. Extensive studies have shown that overall the uptake
and storage of iron in humans is efficiently controlled by a network of
regulatory mechanisms. Even high vitamin C intakes do not cause iron
imbalance in healthy persons and probably in persons who are heterozygous
for hemochromatosis. The uptake, renal tubular reabsorption and storage of
vitamin C itself are also strictly limited after high-dose intake so that no
excessive plasma and tissue concentrations of vitamin C are produced. The
effect of high-dose vitamin C on iron absorption in patients with iron
overload due to homozygous hemochromatosis has not been studied. Of special
importance is the early identification of hemochromatosis patients, which is
assisted by the newly developed PCR test for hereditary hemochromatosis.
Specific treatment consists of regular phlebotomy and possibly
iron-chelating therapy. These patients should moreover avoid any possibility
of facilitated absorption of iron and need to limit their intake of iron.
Patients with beta-thalassemia major and sickle cell anemia who suffer from
iron overload due to regular blood transfusions or excessive destruction of
red blood cells need specialized medical treatment with iron chelators and
should also control their intake of iron. The serum of patients with
pathological iron overload can contain non-transferrin-bound iron inducing
lipid peroxidation with subsequent consumption of antioxidants such as
vitamin E and vitamin C. The role of iron in coronary heart disease and
cancer is controversial. Early suggestions that moderately elevated iron
stores are associated with an increased risk of CHD have not been confirmed
by later studies. In vitro, ascorbic acid can act as a prooxidant in the
presence of transition metals such as iron or copper, but in the living
organism its major functions are as an antioxidant. High intakes of vitamin
C have thus not been found to increase oxidative damage in humans.
Accordingly, the risk of CHD or cancer is not elevated. On the contrary,
most studies have shown that diets rich in vitamin C are inversely related
to the incidence of these diseases.
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